Ccon Ontology

Release 31 October 2013

This version:
http://cerrado.linkeddata.es/ecology/ccon#
Latest version:
http://cerrado.linkeddata.es/ecology/ccon#
Revision
1.0
Authors:
Adriano Souza, University of Brasilia
Imported Ontologies:
cwr-owl
EnvO
This work is licensed under a License name. E.g.: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.0 Generic License.

Abstract

The ontology of Cerrado wood plant dynamics was created in order to represent the set of concepts about the dynamics, that is, changes over time of the wood vegetation structure, of Cerrado. Ccon describes the main parameters used to measure the changes, such as mortality rate and recruitment rate.

The lates OWL encoding for Ccon can be found here

Table of Contents

1. Introduction
1.1 Namespace declarations
2. Cerrado Concepts and Wood Plant Dynamics Overview
3. Cerrado Concepts and Wood Plant Dynamics Description
4. Cross reference for Cerrado Concepts and Wood Plant Dynamics classes, properties and dataproperties
4.1 Classes
4.2 Object Properties
5. References
6. Acknowledgements

1. Introduction back to ToC

The Ccon is an OWL2 ontology according to the W3C recommendations [6], developed to represent the scientific knowledge about vegetation ecology focused to describe the dynamics of wood plants in the Brazilian Cerrado Domain. This ontology will be part of the GeoLinked Data Ontology network to enrich the web of data with geospatial information of the Cerrado Biome, especially with regard the wood plant dynamics. It aims to store data and collect information about biodiversity, composition and wood plant dynamics, to manage, integrate and query data about Cerrado plant community, and search for changes in Cerrado species populations over time. An interesting example can be the possibility of data integration from different scientific studies over different locations. Once the data available on line of studies carried out in different places can be integrated, geolocated, linked with qualitative models and, finally, inferences can be performed.

1.1. Namespace declarations back to ToC

Table 1: Namespaces used in the document
owl <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#>
rdfs <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
ccon <http://cerrado.linkeddata.es/ecology/ccon#>

2. Cerrado Concepts and Wood Plant Dynamics Overview back to ToC

The ontology describe conceptually how the Cerrado biome is structurally organized, in terms of biological organization levels. Once many types of physiognomies have been described and studied [2; 4; 5], there is not a universal consensus about the definitions and characteristics of each one [2]. Thus, the concepts used in the Ontology are the most accepted and used by researchers in Brazilian institutions such as IBGE (Portuguese acronym for Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics) and Embrapa (Portuguese acronym for Brazilian Enterprise for Agricultural Research). The Physiognomies differ mainly according to it's vegetation structure, that is, the percentage of wood cover, and composition [2; 4]. There are other types of vegetation which are not savanna like communities, such as Tropical seasonal forests and Grasslands. The ontology define the different characteristics of the physiognomies, and also define the concept of savanna, one of the major types of terrestrial biome and the most representative biome type in the Cerrado domain.

3. Cerrado Concepts and Wood Plant Dynamics Description back to ToC

The ontology define the different characteristics of the physiognomies, and also define the concept of savanna, one of the major types of terrestrial biome and the most representative biome type in the Cerrado domain. Therefore, the ontology has distinct classes to represent each of the most representative biomes and physiognomies, and how the plant communities are organized to define them. In addition, the ontology define classes to represent the biological diversity, the parameters of a community dynamics and structure and the role of the driving forces acting to determine the structure and composition of these plant communities. Terms from Crop-wild Relations Ontology (CWR Ontology) from FAO [1] were reused as well as some terms from the Environmental Ontology (ENVo) [3]. The figure 1 represents how the physiognomies were conceptually organized.

Graphical representation of the main Physiognomies found in Cerrado

Figure 1.  Graphical representation of the main Physiognomies found in Cerrado and its structure present in the Ccon Ontology. Boxes represent Classes and arrows represent Object properties.

The other important aspects represented in the ontology are those regarding the dynamics of the vegetation, characteristics such as Mortality rate, Recruitment rate, Growth rate. They all account to evaluate the changes in the systems structure and composition over time and they were represented graphically in figure 2.

Graphical representation of Community structure and dynamics in Ccon Ontology

Figure 2. Graphical representation of Community structure and dynamics in Ccon Ontology. Boxes represent Classes and arrows represent Object properties.

Classes

Properties

4. Cross reference for Cerrado Concepts and Wood Plant Dynamics classes and properties

This section provides details for each class and property defined by Cerrado Concepts and Wood Plant Dynamics .

Classes

population dynamicsc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://cerrado.linkeddata.es/ecology/ccon#PopulationDynamics

It's the study of the changes of the size of a population over time.

has super-classes
ecological phenomena c
has sub-classes
birth rate c, death rate c, growth c, population density c, population size c

"clean field"c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://cerrado.linkeddata.es/ecology/ccon#CampoLimpo

Dry grassland without shrubs or trees

has super-classes
tropical grassland c

"closed field"c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://cerrado.linkeddata.es/ecology/ccon#CampoCerrado

Scattered trees and shrubs and a large proportion of grassland

has super-classes
savanna c
is disjoint with
"dirty field" c, cerrado sensu stricto c

"dirty field"c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://cerrado.linkeddata.es/ecology/ccon#CampoSujo

Grassland with a scattering of shrubs and small trees

has super-classes
savanna c
is disjoint with
"closed field" c, cerrado sensu stricto c

angiospermc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.fao.org/aims/aos/cwr.owl#Angiosperm

Date:
13/03/2005

A seed-bearing plant with the ovules borne enclosed by a sporophyll whose margins are fused, i.e., the ovules are borne in an ovary.

has super-classes
vascular plant c
has sub-classes
grass c, herbaceous plant c, shrub c, tree c
has members
Annona crassiflora ni, Aspidosperma macrocarpon ni, Erythroxylum suberosum ni, Erythroxylum tortuosum ni, Guapira noxia ni, Guapira salicifolia ni, Hancornia pubescens ni, Heteropterys byrsonimifolia ni, Kielmeyera coriacea ni, Kielmeyera speciosa ni, Lafoensia pacari ni, Miconia albicans ni, Miconia fallax ni, Miconia ferruginata ni, Miconia pohliana ni, Mimosa claussenii ni, Myracrodruon urundeuva ni, Neea theifera ni, Palicourea rigida ni, Piptocarpha rotundifolia ni

basal areac back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://cerrado.linkeddata.es/ecology/ccon#BasalArea

It's the area of a breast-high cross section of a tree or of all the trees in a stand.

Source: Merriam-Webster dictionary (www.merriam-webster.com)

has super-classes
community structure c

biodiversityc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://cerrado.linkeddata.es/ecology/ccon#Biodiversity

It's the degree of veriation of life forms within a given species, ecosystem, biome, or planet.

Source: wikipedia.org

has super-classes
diversity c

biological organization levelc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://cerrado.linkeddata.es/ecology/ccon#BiologicalOrganizationLevel

The hierarchy of complex biological structures and systems that define life using a reductionistic approach

has super-classes
owl:Thing
has sub-classes
biome c, biosphere c, community c, ecoregion c, ecosystem c, metapopulation c, organism c, population c

biomec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000428

A major class of ecologically similar communities of plants, animals, and other organisms. Biomes are defined based on factors such as plant structures (such as trees, shrubs, and grasses), leaf types (such as broadleaf and needleleaf), plant spacing (forest, woodland, savanna), and other factors like climate. Unlike ecozones, biomes are not defined by genetic, taxonomic, or historical similarities. Biomes are often identified with particular patterns of ecological succession and climax vegetation.

has super-classes
biological organization level c
is part of op some biosphere c
has sub-classes
terrestrial biome c

biospherec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.fao.org/aims/aos/cwr.owl#Biosphere

Date:
13/03/2005

The entire world of living organisms.

has super-classes
biological organization level c

birth ratec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://cerrado.linkeddata.es/ecology/ccon#Natality

The rate in which new borns are added to a population, or in other words, the number of new borns over time.

has super-classes
population dynamics c
is in domain of
is natality of op
is in range of
has natality op

cerradoc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://cerrado.linkeddata.es/ecology/ccon#Cerrado

It's a vast tropical savanna ecoregion of Brazil

has super-classes
ecoregion c
has sub-classes
cerrado sensu lato c

cerrado determining factorsc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://cerrado.linkeddata.es/ecology/ccon#CerradoDeterminingFactors

Environmental factos that affect the current occurrence and geographical distribution of the cerrado ecoregion.

has super-classes
environment c
has sub-classes
Fire c, climate c, soil c

cerrado sensu latoc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://cerrado.linkeddata.es/ecology/ccon#CerradoSensuLato

It's a regional large scale vegetation which consists of a floristic and vegetational province

has super-classes
cerrado c

cerrado sensu strictoc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://cerrado.linkeddata.es/ecology/ccon#CerradoSensuStricto

The vegetation is dominated by trees and shrubs with over 30% of canopy cover, but with stiil a fair amount of herbaceous vegetation between them

has super-classes
savanna c
is disjoint with
"closed field" c, "dirty field" c

cerradãoc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://cerrado.linkeddata.es/ecology/ccon#Cerradao

Portuguese augmentative of cerrado, is an almost closed woodland with crown cover of 50% to 90%, made up of trees, often 8-12m or even taller, casting a considerable shade so that the ground layer is much reduced

has super-classes
tropical seasonal forest c

climatec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://cerrado.linkeddata.es/ecology/ccon#Climate

The type of average weather, the state, including statistical description, of the climate system.

has super-classes
cerrado determining factors c
has component op some relative humidity c
has component op some precipitation c

communityc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.fao.org/aims/aos/cwr.owl#Community

Current version:
http://www.lasgrwc.org/LandscapeEthic/GlossaryNov17.doc

Any group of organisms belonging to a number of different species that co-occur in the same habitat or area and interact through trophic and spatial relationships.

has super-classes
biological organization level c
is characterized by op some diversity c
is part of op some biome c
is characterized by op some community structure c
is characterized by op some community dynamics c
is part of op some ecosystem c
has sub-classes
plant community c
is in domain of
has component op, has mortality op, has recruitment op, is characterized by op
is in range of
is characteristic of op, is mortality of op, is part of op, is part of op, is recruitment of op

community dynamicsc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://cerrado.linkeddata.es/ecology/ccon#ComunityDynamics

The community dynamics is the study of changes over time of the structure of biological communities.

has super-classes
ecological phenomena c
is characteristic of op some plant community c
has sub-classes
death rate c, difference c, growth c, recruitment c

community structurec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.fao.org/aims/aos/cwr.owl#CommunityStructure

Community structure is a set of parameters that we can use to describe a ecological community.

has super-classes
ecological phenomena c
is characteristic of op some plant community c
has sub-classes
basal area c, density c, diameter class distribution c, number of individuos c

conservation statusc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://cerrado.linkeddata.es/ecology/ccon#ConservationStatus

The conservation status of a group of organisms (for instance, a species) indicates whether the group is extant (members of it are still alive) and how likely the group is to become extinct in the near future. Source: wikipedia.org

is in domain of
is status of op
is in range of
has status op

death ratec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://cerrado.linkeddata.es/ecology/ccon#Mortality

It's the number of individuals dead over time.

has super-classes
community dynamics c
population dynamics c
is in domain of
is mortality of op
is in range of
has mortality op

densityc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://cerrado.linkeddata.es/ecology/ccon#Density

The number of individuals of a population or cummunity occupying an area.

is equivalent to
population density c
has super-classes
community structure c

diameter class distributionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://cerrado.linkeddata.es/ecology/ccon#DiameterClassDistribution

Consists of the distribution of the number of individuals in diameter classes.

has super-classes
community structure c

differencec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://cerrado.linkeddata.es/ecology/ccon#Difference

It's the difference of any parameter (size, number of deads, number of recruits etc.) between two dates.

has super-classes
community dynamics c

diversityc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.fao.org/aims/aos/cwr.owl#Diversity

1) The variety of plant and animal taxa, including genes, amino acids, flowers, species, or populations. 2) The variety of plant and animal communities, forest types, stand conditions, age classes, and landscape components.

has super-classes
ecological phenomena c
has sub-classes
biodiversity c, diversity index c

diversity indexc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://cerrado.linkeddata.es/ecology/ccon#DiversityIndex

It's a quantitative measure that reflects how many different types (such as species) there are in a dataset, and can simultaneously takes into account how evenly the basic units (such as individuals) are distributed among those types.

Source: wikipedia.org

has super-classes
diversity c
has sub-classes
species composition c, species diversity c, species evenness c, species richness c

dry seasonc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://cerrado.linkeddata.es/ecology/ccon#DrySeason

Consists of the period of the year in some tropical climate areas with average rainfall less than 60mm by month.

has super-classes
tropical season c
is disjoint with
wet season c

ecological phenomenac back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.fao.org/aims/aos/cwr.owl#EcologicalPhenomena

Ecological phenomenon is any event - regarding interactions among organisms and their environment - that is observable, however common it might be, even if it requires the use of instrumentation to observe, record, or compile data concerning it.

has super-classes
owl:Thing
has sub-classes
population dynamics c, community dynamics c, community structure c, diversity c
is in domain of
affects op, is characteristic of op
is in range of
is affected by op, is characterized by op

ecoregionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://cerrado.linkeddata.es/ecology/ccon#Ecoregion

An ecologically defined large unit of land or water containing a geographically distinct assemblage of species, natural communities, and environmental conditions

has super-classes
biological organization level c
is part of op some biosphere c
has sub-classes
cerrado c

ecosystemc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.fao.org/aims/aos/cwr.owl#Ecosystem

Current version:

A complex of organisms and their environment forming a functioning whole.

has super-classes
biological organization level c
is part of op some biome c
is part of op some ecoregion c
has sub-classes
habitat c

environmentc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://cerrado.linkeddata.es/ecology/ccon#Environment

The environment of an organism consists of all those factors and phenomena outside the organism that influence it, whether these

are physical and chemical (abiotic) or other organisms (biotic) (Begon et al., 2006)

has super-classes
affects op some ecological phenomena c
affects op some species c
affects op some biological organization level c
has sub-classes
cerrado determining factors c, environmental condition c, periodicity c, season c
is in domain of
is affected by op
is in range of
affects op

environmental conditionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000203

An abiotic environmental factor that influences the functioning of living organisms (Begon et al., 2006).

has super-classes
environment c
has sub-classes
fire incidence c, precipitation c, relative humidity c, temperature c

eukaryotec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.fao.org/aims/aos/cwr.owl#Eukaryote

Date:
13/03/2005

An organism having eukaryotic cells with true nuclei.

has super-classes
organism c
has sub-classes
plant c

Firec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://cerrado.linkeddata.es/ecology/ccon#FireRegime

It's the pattern of veriation in fire occurence, frequency and severity.

has super-classes
cerrado determining factors c

fire incidencec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://cerrado.linkeddata.es/ecology/ccon#FireIncidence

The occurrence of burning in ecosystems.

has super-classes
environmental condition c
increases op only ground layer c
decreases op only wood layer c

geographical distributionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://cerrado.linkeddata.es/ecology/ccon#GeographicalDistribution

The total area of habitat in which a species can inhabit.

is in domain of
is habitat of op
is in range of
has distribution op

grassc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://cerrado.linkeddata.es/ecology/ccon#Grass

Grasses or graminoids are monocotyledonous from Poales Order, usually herbaceos plants with narrow leaves growing from the base. They include some of the most versatile plant life-forms and became widespread toward the end of the Cretaceous period.

Source: wikipedia.org; eol.org

has super-classes
angiosperm c
is part of op only ground layer c
is disjoint with
herbaceous plant c, shrub c, tree c

ground layerc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://cerrado.linkeddata.es/ecology/ccon#GroundLayer

It is the understory vegegtation which consistis of mainly grass and herbaceous plants

has super-classes
vegetation cover c
has component op some herbaceous plant c
has component op some grass c
is part of op only tropical grassland c
is part of op only savanna c
is in domain of
is decreased by op
is in range of
decreases op
is disjoint with
wood layer c

growthc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://cerrado.linkeddata.es/ecology/ccon#GrowthRate

It's a measure of the changes in population or community size over time.

has super-classes
community dynamics c
population dynamics c
is in domain of
is growth of op
is in range of
has Growth op

habitatc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.fao.org/aims/aos/cwr.owl#Habitat

Environment in a given area occupied by an organism or a group of organisms.

has super-classes
ecosystem c
is part of op only ecosystem c
has sub-classes
terrestrial habitat c

herbaceous plantc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://cerrado.linkeddata.es/ecology/ccon#HerbaceousPlant

A herbaceous plant is a plant that has leaves and stems that die down at the end of the growing season to the soil level. They have no persistent woody stem above ground. Herbaceous plants may be annuals, biennials or perennials.

Source: wikipedia.org

has super-classes
angiosperm c
is part of op only ground layer c
is disjoint with
grass c, shrub c, tree c

metapopulationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://cerrado.linkeddata.es/ecology/ccon#Metapopulation

Consists of a group of spatially separated populations of the same species which interact at some level.

Source: wikipedia.org

has super-classes
biological organization level c
is part of op some species c
is part of op some community c

number of individuosc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://cerrado.linkeddata.es/ecology/ccon#NumberOfIndividuos

It's the amount of individuals of a population or community.

is equivalent to
population size c
has super-classes
community structure c
is in range of
:hasNumberOfIndividuals op

organismc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.fao.org/aims/aos/cwr.owl#Organism

is defined by
https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/4883402/ccon0.9.3-rdf.owl

Any living creature. A plant, animal, or micro-organism.

has super-classes
biological organization level c
is part of op some population c
has sub-classes
eukaryote c

periodicityc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.fao.org/aims/aos/cwr.owl#Periodicity

Periodicity is used to define events that are recurrent or the repetition of similar events.

has super-classes
environment c
has sub-classes
season c, seasonal variation c

pielou's evennessc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://cerrado.linkeddata.es/ecology/ccon#PielousEvenness

It's a representation of the evenness and quantifies how equal the community is numerically.

has super-classes
species evenness c

plantc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.fao.org/aims/aos/cwr.owl#Plant

Any of a kingdom (Plantae) of living beings typically lacking locomotive movement or obvious sensory organs, generally making its own food, possessing cell walls, and unlimited growth.

has super-classes
eukaryote c
has sub-classes
vascular plant c

plant communityc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.fao.org/aims/aos/cwr.owl#PlantCommunity

Date:
13/03/2005

An assemblage of individuals of one or more species that influence one another and modify their environment (after Mueller-Dombois and Ellenberg, 1974).

has super-classes
community c
has sub-classes
vegetation c

populationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.fao.org/aims/aos/cwr.owl#Population

A group of interbreeding organisms not separated by geographic barriers which would inhibit breeding between all individuals.

has super-classes
biological organization level c
is part of op some community c
is part of op some metapopulation c
is part of op some species c
has sub-classes
sample c
is in domain of
has natality op
is in range of
is natality of op

population densityc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.fao.org/aims/aos/cwr.owl#PopulationDensity

Current version:
Blackwell�s concise encyclopedia of ecology, 1999

The number of individuals per unit area.

has super-classes
population dynamics c

population sizec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.fao.org/aims/aos/cwr.owl#PopulationSize

It's the amount of individuals in a population

has super-classes
population dynamics c

precipitationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://cerrado.linkeddata.es/ecology/ccon#Precipitation

Any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapour that falls under gravity (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precipitation)

has super-classes
environmental condition c
increases op only wood layer c
decreases op only ground layer c
is in domain of
decreases op, increases op
is in range of
is decreased by op, is increased by op

recruitmentc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://cerrado.linkeddata.es/ecology/ccon#Recruitment

It's the rate on which new individuals establishes in a certain community either by new born individuals or immigration.

has super-classes
community dynamics c
is in domain of
is recruitment of op
is in range of
has recruitment op

relative humidityc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://cerrado.linkeddata.es/ecology/ccon#RelativeHumidity

The relative amount of whater vapour in the atmosphere

has super-classes
environmental condition c

samplec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.fao.org/aims/aos/cwr.owl#Sample

Current version:
http://www.bugwood.org/glossary/html/glossary-s.html

A part of a population, consisting of one or more units selected and examined as representative of the whole

has super-classes
population c
has sub-classes
specimen c

savannac back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://cerrado.linkeddata.es/ecology/ccon#Savanna

grasslands with scattered trees

is equivalent to
savanna habitat c
has super-classes
terrestrial biome c
is part of op only cerrado sensu lato c
has sub-classes
"closed field" c, "dirty field" c, cerrado sensu stricto c

savanna habitatc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.fao.org/aims/aos/cwr.owl#SavannaHabitat

It's a terrestrial habitat consisting of grasslands with scattered trees.

has super-classes
terrestrial habitat c
is disjoint with
woodland c

seasonc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://cerrado.linkeddata.es/ecology/ccon#Season

A subdivision of the year, marked by changes in weather, ecology, and hours of day light

is equivalent to
seasonal variation c
has super-classes
environment c
periodicity c
has sub-classes
tropical season c

seasonal variationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.fao.org/aims/aos/cwr.owl#SeasonalVariation

It's the change of climate seasons during a one year period.

has super-classes
periodicity c

shannon's diversity indexc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://cerrado.linkeddata.es/ecology/ccon#shannonsDiversityIndex

has super-classes
species diversity c

shrubc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://cerrado.linkeddata.es/ecology/ccon#Shrub

A shrub is distinguished from a tree by its multiple stems and shorter height, usually under 6 m tall. Plants of many species may grow either into shrubs or trees, depending on their growing conditions.

Source: wikipedia.org

has super-classes
angiosperm c
is part of op only wood layer c
is disjoint with
grass c, herbaceous plant c, tree c

simpson's indexc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://cerrado.linkeddata.es/ecology/ccon#SimpsonsIndex

The simplest measure of the character of a community that takes into account both the abundance (or biomass) patterns and the species richness (Begon et al., 2006).

has super-classes
species diversity c

soilc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://cerrado.linkeddata.es/ecology/ccon#Soil

It's a natural body consisting of layers (soil horizons) that are primarily composed of minerals, mixed with at least some organic matter, which differ from their parent materials in their texture, structure, consistency, color, chemical, biological and other characteristics. It is the loose covering of fine rock particles that covers the surface of the earth.

Source: wikipedia.org

has super-classes
cerrado determining factors c

speciesc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://cerrado.linkeddata.es/ecology/ccon#Species

A group of organinsms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring.

is in domain of
:hasNumberOfIndividuals op, has distribution op, has exact match op, has specific name op, has status op, is part of op, is part of op, mapping relation op
is in range of
has component op, has exact match op, is habitat of op, is specific name of op, is status of op, mapping relation op
has members
Acosmium dasycarpum ni, Aegiphila lhotzkiana ni, Anacardium humile ni, Annona crassiflora ni, Annona tomentosa ni, Aspidosperma macrocarpon ni, Aspidosperma tomentosum ni, Blepharocalyx suaveolens ni, Byrsonima coccolobifolia ni, Byrsonima crassa ni, Byrsonima verbascifolia ni, Cardiopetalum calophyllum ni, Caryocar brasiliense ni, Casearia sylvestris ni, Connarus suberosus ni, Couepia grandiflora ni, Cybianthus detergens ni, Cybistax antisyphilitica ni, Dalbergia miscolobium ni, Davilla elliptica ni, Dendropanax cuneatus ni, Dimorphandra mollis ni, Diospyros burchellii ni, Enterolobium gummiferum ni, Eremanthus glomerulatus ni, Eremanthus goyazensis ni, Eriotheca pubescens ni, Erythroxylum deciduum ni, Erythroxylum suberosum ni, Erythroxylum tortuosum ni, Guapira noxia ni, Guapira salicifolia ni, Hancornia pubescens ni, Hancornia speciosa ni, Heteropterys byrsonimifolia ni, Hirtella ciliata ni, Hymenaea stigonocarpa ni, Jacaranda decurrens ni, Jacaranda decurrens ni, Kielmeyera coriacea ni, Kielmeyera speciosa ni, Kielmeyera variabilis ni, Lafoensia pacari ni, Mauritia flexuosa ni, Miconia albicans ni, Miconia fallax ni, Miconia ferruginata ni, Miconia pohliana ni, Mimosa claussenii ni, Myracrodruon urundeuva ni, Myrsine guianensis ni, Neea theifera ni, Ouratea hexasperma ni, Palicourea rigida ni, Periandra mediterranea ni, Piptocarpha rotundifolia ni, Pisonia graciliflora ni, Pisonia noxia ni, Plenckia populnea ni, Pouteria ramiflora ni, Pterodon pubescens ni, Qualea grandiflora ni, Qualea multiflora ni, Qualea parviflora ni, Roupala montana ni, Rourea induta ni, Salacia crassifolia ni, Schefflera macrocarpa ni, Sclerolobium paniculatum ni, Spiranthera odoratissima ni, Stryphnodendron adstringens ni, Styrax ferrugineus ni, Syagrus comosa ni, Syagrus flexuosa ni, Syagrus petraea ni, Symplocos rhamnifolia ni, Tabebuia ochracea ni, Tocoyena formosa ni, Vatairea macrocarpa ni, Vellozia squamata ni, Vochysia elliptica ni, Vochysia thyrsoidea ni

species compositionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://cerrado.linkeddata.es/ecology/ccon#SpeciesCompositionSimilarity

It's how many different species occurs in a community or ecosystem.

has super-classes
diversity index c
has sub-classes
Sorensen's Dice index c

species diversityc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://cerrado.linkeddata.es/ecology/ccon#SpeciesDiversity

the effective number of different species that are represented in a collection of individuals, it consists of two components: species richness and species evenness

has super-classes
diversity index c
has sub-classes
shannon's diversity index c, simpson's index c

species evennessc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://cerrado.linkeddata.es/ecology/ccon#SpeciesEvenness

Evenness is simply a measure of how similar specie are in their abundances.

has super-classes
diversity index c
has sub-classes
pielou's evenness c

species richnessc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://cerrado.linkeddata.es/ecology/ccon#SpeciesRichness

the number of differnet species represented in an ecological community, landscape or region

has super-classes
diversity index c

specific name c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://cerrado.linkeddata.es/ecology/ccon#SpecificName

is in domain of
is specific name of op
is in range of
has specific name op

specimenc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.fao.org/aims/aos/cwr.owl#Specimen

Current version:
http://www.fishbase.org/Glossary/Glossary.cfm?TermEnglish=specimen

An individual from a scientific sample; sometimes an individual regarded as typical of the group.

has super-classes
sample c

Sorensen's Dice indexc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://cerrado.linkeddata.es/ecology/ccon#SorensensSimilarityIndex

has super-classes
species composition c

temperaturec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://cerrado.linkeddata.es/ecology/ccon#Temperature

It is a measure of the thermal energy per particle of matter or radiation; it is measured by a thermometer, which may be calibrated in any of various temperature scales, Celsius, Fahrenheit, Kelvin, etc (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature).

has super-classes
environmental condition c

terrestrial biomec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000446

A biome that applies to the terrestrial realm.

is equivalent to
terrestrial habitat c
has super-classes
biome c
has sub-classes
savanna c, tropical grassland c, tropical seasonal forest c

terrestrial habitatc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.fao.org/aims/aos/cwr.owl#TerrestrialHabitat

It's the terrestrial environment occupied by an organism, population or community.

has super-classes
habitat c
has sub-classes
savanna habitat c, woodland c

treec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://cerrado.linkeddata.es/ecology/ccon#Tree

A tree can be defined as a large woody perennial plant.

Source: wikipedia.org

has super-classes
angiosperm c
is part of op only wood layer c
is disjoint with
grass c, herbaceous plant c, shrub c

tropical grasslandc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://cerrado.linkeddata.es/ecology/ccon#TropicalGrassland

Dry grassland without shrubs or trees

has super-classes
terrestrial biome c
is part of op some cerrado sensu lato c
has sub-classes
"clean field" c

tropical seasonc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://cerrado.linkeddata.es/ecology/ccon#TropicalSeason

Most of tropical areas has only two distinct seasons during the year, which are called tropical seasons and they can be distinguish as wet season and dry season.

has super-classes
season c
has sub-classes
dry season c, wet season c

tropical seasonal forestc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://cerrado.linkeddata.es/ecology/ccon#TropicalSeasonalForest

A tropical forest grows in regions with a marked dry season. There is some defoliation during the dry season, the degree depending on the severity of the moisture deficit. The structure of the forest is also simpler than of the rain forest, with fewer tree strata, and less luxuriant growths of climbing and herbaceous plants.

www.oxfordreference.com

has super-classes
terrestrial biome c
is part of op only cerrado sensu lato c
has sub-classes
cerrad�o c

vascular plantc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.fao.org/aims/aos/cwr.owl#VascularPlant

Date:
13/03/2005

A general name for any plant that has xylem and phloem.

has super-classes
plant c
has sub-classes
angiosperm c

vegetationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.fao.org/aims/aos/cwr.owl#Vegetation

The assemblage of plant species in a given area; also used as a general term for plant life.

has super-classes
plant community c
has sub-classes
vegetation cover c

vegetation coverc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.fao.org/aims/aos/cwr.owl#VegetationCover

It's the type of the dominant vegetation or the dominant plant-life form in a certain location.

has super-classes
vegetation c
has sub-classes
ground layer c, wood layer c

wet seasonc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://cerrado.linkeddata.es/ecology/ccon#WetSeason

Consists of the period of the year in some tropical climate areas with average rainfall greater than 60mm by month.

has super-classes
tropical season c
is disjoint with
dry season c

wood layerc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://cerrado.linkeddata.es/ecology/ccon#WoodLayer

It consists of mainly wood plants and many researchers include monocots like palm trees becouse of their woody like trunks, but they are not considered trees.

has super-classes
vegetation cover c
is part of op only tropical seasonal forest c
is part of op only savanna c
has component op some shrub c
has component op some tree c
is in domain of
is increased by op
is in range of
increases op
has members
Acosmium dasycarpum ni, Aegiphila lhotzkiana ni, Anacardium humile ni, Annona crassiflora ni, Annona tomentosa ni, Aspidosperma macrocarpon ni, Blepharocalyx suaveolens ni, Byrsonima coccolobifolia ni, Byrsonima crassa ni, Byrsonima verbascifolia ni, Cardiopetalum calophyllum ni, Caryocar brasiliense ni, Casearia sylvestris ni, Connarus suberosus ni, Couepia grandiflora ni, Cybianthus detergens ni, Cybistax antisyphilitica ni, Dalbergia miscolobium ni, Davilla elliptica ni, Dendropanax cuneatus ni, Dimorphandra mollis ni, Diospyros burchellii ni, Enterolobium gummiferum ni, Eremanthus glomerulatus ni, Eremanthus goyazensis ni, Eriotheca pubescens ni, Erythroxylum deciduum ni, Erythroxylum suberosum ni, Erythroxylum tortuosum ni, Guapira noxia ni, Guapira salicifolia ni, Hancornia pubescens ni, Hancornia speciosa ni, Hancornia speciosa ni, Heteropterys byrsonimifolia ni, Hirtella ciliata ni, Hymenaea stigonocarpa ni, Jacaranda decurrens ni, Jacaranda decurrens ni, Kielmeyera coriacea ni, Kielmeyera speciosa ni, Kielmeyera variabilis ni, Lafoensia pacari ni, Mauritia flexuosa ni, Miconia albicans ni, Miconia fallax ni, Miconia ferruginata ni, Miconia pohliana ni, Mimosa claussenii ni, Myracrodruon urundeuva ni, Myrsine guianensis ni, Neea theifera ni, Ouratea hexasperma ni, Palicourea rigida ni, Periandra mediterranea ni, Piptocarpha rotundifolia ni, Pisonia graciliflora ni, Pisonia noxia ni, Plenckia populnea ni, Pouteria ramiflora ni, Pterodon pubescens ni, Qualea grandiflora ni, Qualea multiflora ni, Qualea parviflora ni, Roupala montana ni, Rourea induta ni, Salacia crassifolia ni, Schefflera macrocarpa ni, Sclerolobium paniculatum ni, Spiranthera odoratissima ni, Stryphnodendron adstringens ni, Styrax ferrugineus ni, Syagrus comosa ni, Syagrus flexuosa ni, Syagrus petraea ni, Symplocos rhamnifolia ni, Tabebuia ochracea ni, Tocoyena formosa ni, Vatairea macrocarpa ni, Vellozia squamata ni, Vochysia elliptica ni, Vochysia thyrsoidea ni
is disjoint with
ground layer c

woodlandc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.fao.org/aims/aos/cwr.owl#Woodland

Woodland is a low-density forest forming open habitats with plenty of sunlight and limited shade.

Source: Wikipedia.org

has super-classes
terrestrial habitat c
is disjoint with
savanna habitat c

Object Properties

:hasNumberOfIndividualsop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://cerrado.linkeddata.es/ecology/ccon#hasNumberOfIndividuals

has domain
species c
has range
number of individuos c

affectsop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://cerrado.linkeddata.es/ecology/ccon#affects

has sub-properties
decreases op, increases op
has domain
ecological phenomena c
has range
environment c
is inverse of
is affected by op

decreasesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://cerrado.linkeddata.es/ecology/ccon#decreases

has super-properties
affects op
has domain
precipitation c
has range
ground layer c
is inverse of
is decreased by op

has componentop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://cerrado.linkeddata.es/ecology/ccon#hasComponent

has domain
community c
has range
species c
is inverse of
is part of op, is part of op

has distributionop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://cerrado.linkeddata.es/ecology/ccon#hasDistribution

has domain
species c
has range
geographical distribution c
is inverse of
is habitat of op

has exact matchop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#exactMatch

is defined by
http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core

skos:exactMatch is disjoint with each of the properties skos:broadMatch and skos:relatedMatch.

has characteristics: symmetric, transitive

has super-properties
mapping relation op
has domain
species c
has range
species c

has Growthop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://cerrado.linkeddata.es/ecology/ccon#hasGrowth

has domain
community c or population c
has range
growth c
is inverse of
is growth of op

has mortalityop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://cerrado.linkeddata.es/ecology/ccon#hasMortality

has domain
community c
has range
death rate c
is inverse of
is mortality of op

has natalityop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://cerrado.linkeddata.es/ecology/ccon#hasNatality

has domain
population c
has range
birth rate c
is inverse of
is natality of op

has recruitmentop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://cerrado.linkeddata.es/ecology/ccon#hasRecruitment

has domain
community c
has range
recruitment c
is inverse of
is recruitment of op

has specific nameop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://cerrado.linkeddata.es/ecology/ccon#hasSpecificName

has domain
species c
has range
specific name c
is inverse of
is specific name of op

has statusop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://cerrado.linkeddata.es/ecology/ccon#hasStatus

has domain
species c
has range
conservation status c
is inverse of
is status of op

increasesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://cerrado.linkeddata.es/ecology/ccon#increases

has super-properties
affects op
has domain
precipitation c
has range
wood layer c
is inverse of
is increased by op

is affected byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://cerrado.linkeddata.es/ecology/ccon#isAffectedBy

has domain
environment c
has range
ecological phenomena c
is inverse of
affects op

is characteristic ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://cerrado.linkeddata.es/ecology/ccon#isCharacteristicOf

has domain
ecological phenomena c
has range
community c
is inverse of
is characterized by op

is characterized byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://cerrado.linkeddata.es/ecology/ccon#isCharacterizedBy

has domain
community c
has range
ecological phenomena c
is inverse of
is characteristic of op

is decreased byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://cerrado.linkeddata.es/ecology/ccon#isDecreasedBy

has domain
ground layer c
has range
precipitation c
is inverse of
decreases op

is growth ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://cerrado.linkeddata.es/ecology/ccon#isGrowthOf

has domain
growth c
has range
community c or population c
is inverse of
has Growth op

is habitat ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://cerrado.linkeddata.es/ecology/ccon#isHabitatOf

has domain
geographical distribution c
has range
species c
is inverse of
has distribution op

is increased byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://cerrado.linkeddata.es/ecology/ccon#isIncreasedBy

has domain
wood layer c
has range
precipitation c
is inverse of
increases op

is mortality ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://cerrado.linkeddata.es/ecology/ccon#isMortalityOf

has domain
death rate c
has range
community c
is inverse of
has mortality op

is natality ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://cerrado.linkeddata.es/ecology/ccon#isNatalityOf

has domain
birth rate c
has range
population c
is inverse of
has natality op

is part ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://cerrado.linkeddata.es/ecology/ccon#isPartOf

has equivalent properties
is part of op
has domain
species c
has range
community c
is inverse of
has component op

is part ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.fao.org/aims/aos/cwr.owl#isPartOf

has equivalent properties
is part of op
has domain
species c
has range
community c
is inverse of
has component op

is recruitment ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://cerrado.linkeddata.es/ecology/ccon#isRecruitmentOf

has domain
recruitment c
has range
community c
is inverse of
has recruitment op

is specific name ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://cerrado.linkeddata.es/ecology/ccon#isSpecificNameOf

has domain
specific name c
has range
species c
is inverse of
has specific name op

is status ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://cerrado.linkeddata.es/ecology/ccon#isStatusOf

has domain
conservation status c
has range
species c
is inverse of
has status op

mapping relationop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#mappingRelation

has characteristics: symmetric

has sub-properties
has exact match op
has domain
species c
has range
species c

5. References back to ToC

[1]    Crop-wild Relatives Ontology. Agricultural Information Management Standards – AIMS. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed in August 2013.

[2]    Eiten, G. (1972). The cerrado vegetation of Brazil. The Botanical Review, 38(2), 201–341. 

[3]    Environmental Ontology (EnvO). Accessed in: August 2013.

[4]    Oliveira-Filho, A., & Ratter, J. (2002). Vegetation physiognomies and woody flora of the cerrado biome. In P. S. Oliveira & R. J. Marquis (Eds.), The Cerrados of Brazil. Ecology and natural history of a neotropical savanna (pp. 91–120). New York: Columbia University Press. 

[5]    Ratter, J. A., Bridgewater, S., & Ribeiro, J. F. (2003). Analysis of the Floristic Composition of the Brazilian Cerrado Vegetation III: Comparison of the Woody Vegetation of 376 Areas. Edinburgh Journal of Botany, 60(01), 57–109.

[6]    W3C OWL Working Group. OWL 2 Web Ontology Language: Overview. 27 October 2009. W3C Recommendation.

6. Acknowledgements back to ToC

The authors would like to thanks Silvio Peroni for developing LODE, a Live OWL Documentation Environment used for representing the Corss Referencing Section of this document and Daniel Garijo for developing the script used to create the template of this document.